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PCBA貼片不良原因分析

Release Time:2020-01-03 Edit the author:金致卓 Reading:7663

PCBA貼片生產(chǎn)過程中,由于操作失誤的影響,容易導致PCBA貼片的不良,如:空焊,短路,翹立,缺件,錫珠,翹腳,浮高,錯件,冷焊,反向,反白/反面,偏移,元件破損,少錫,多錫,金手指粘錫,溢膠等,需要對這些不良開展分析,并開展改進,提高產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。

一、空焊

紅膠特異性較弱; 網(wǎng)板開孔不佳; 銅鉑間距過大或大銅貼小元件; 刮刀壓力大;  元件平整度不佳(翹腳,變形)回焊爐預熱區(qū)升溫太快;  PCB銅鉑太臟或是氧化; 

PCB板含有水分;機器貼片偏移;紅膠印刷偏移;  機器夾板軌道松動導致貼片偏移;  MARK點誤照導致元件打偏,導致空焊; 

二、短路

網(wǎng)板與PCB板間距過大導致紅膠印刷過厚短路;元件貼片高度設(shè)置過低將紅膠擠壓導致短路;回焊爐升溫過快導致;元件貼片偏移導致;網(wǎng)板開孔不佳(厚度過厚,引腳開孔過長,開孔過大); 紅膠沒法承受元件重量;  網(wǎng)板或刮刀變形導致紅膠印刷過厚;紅膠特異性較強;  空貼點位封貼膠紙卷起導致周邊元件紅膠印刷過厚; 回流焊振動過大或不水平;

三、翹立

銅鉑兩邊大小不一造成拉力不勻; 預熱升溫速率太快;  機器貼片偏移;  紅膠印刷厚度均;  回焊爐內(nèi)溫度分布不勻; 紅膠印刷偏移;  機器軌道夾板不緊導致貼片偏移; 機器頭部晃動;  紅膠特異性過強;  爐溫設(shè)置不當;  銅鉑間距過大;  MARK點誤照導致元悠揚打偏

四、缺件

真空泵碳片不良真空不夠?qū)е氯奔?nbsp;吸咀堵塞或吸咀不良;  元件厚度測試不當或檢測器不良; 貼片高度設(shè)置不當; 吸咀吹氣過大或不吹氣;  吸咀真空設(shè)定不當(適用于MPA); 異形元件貼片速度過快;  頭部氣管破烈;  氣閥密封環(huán)磨損; 回焊爐軌道邊上有異物擦掉板上元件;

五、錫珠

回流焊預熱不足,升溫過快;  紅膠經(jīng)冷藏,回溫不完全;  紅膠吸濕造成噴濺(室內(nèi)濕度太重); PCB板中水分過多;  加過量稀釋劑;  網(wǎng)板開孔設(shè)計不當; 錫粉顆粒不勻。

六、偏移

電路板上的定位基準點不清晰;電路板上的定位基準點與網(wǎng)板的基準點沒有對正;電路板在印刷機內(nèi)的固定夾持松動,定位模具頂針不到位;印刷機的光學定位系統(tǒng)故障;焊錫膏漏印網(wǎng)板開孔與電路板的設(shè)計文件不符合。要改進PCBA貼片的不良,還需在各個環(huán)節(jié)開展嚴格把關(guān),防止上一個工序的問題盡可能少的流到下一道工序。

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